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| Codex Alimentarius Commission (CODEX) provides an international
guideline for HACCP application. The following table shows the 12
steps for HACCP application. Steps 1~5 indicate ¡®5 Steps for Preparation¡¯,
steps 6~12 indicate ¡®7 Steps for Principle Application¡¯ |
HACCP Application ? CODEX Guideline:
12 Steps
Procedure 1: Organize a HACCP team
Procedure 2: Describe characteristics of the product
Procedure 3: Clearly define usage of the product
Procedure 4: Draw up a work flow chart
Procedure 5: Confirm the work flow chart on site
Procedure 6 (Principle 1): Conduct a hazard analysis
Procedure 7 (Principle 2): Identify critical control points
Procedure 8 (Principle 3): Establish critical limits
Procedure 9 (Principle 4): Establish critical control point monitoring
requirements
Procedure 10 (Principle 5): Establish corrective actions for those
that violate CCP
Procedure 11 (Principle 6): Establish procedures for ensuring that
HACCP system works as intended
Procedure 12 (Principle 7): Establish record keeping procedures to
document the principles and their applications |
HACCP Preparatory - 5 Steps
Procedure 1: Organize a HACCP team
Codex Guideline ? To develop an effective HACCP plan, specialized
knowledge and professionalism is required for each product. The best
way is to create a taskforce team that is consisted of professionals
from various fields. If no professionals are available on the field,
professional advisory enquiry should be made. HACCP plan¡¯s application
scope needs to be determined. Application scope needs to separate
which part is included as risk and which part is included as general
management (for example does it include all types of risks or only
a selected type of risk)
Procedure 2: Describe characteristic
of the product
Codex Guideline ? Product¡¯s raw material mix ratio, physical/chemical
composition (Aw, pH ¡¦), sterilization process (eat treatment, cooling,
salt, smoke ¡¦), packaging, storage and storage conditions, logistics
methods ? These safety related information and information related
to the product needs to be listed and documented
Procedure 3: Clearly define usage of the product
Codex Guideline ? Intended usage needs to be based upon the final
user or consumer¡¯s expectations. In special cases, people under collective
food provision may be considered
Procedure 4: Draw
up a work flow chart
Codex Guideline - Work flow chart should be drawn up by the HACCP
team. Work flow chart needs to include all the processes. Applying
HACCP to a specific work process requires the consideration of its
prior and after processes
Procedure 5: Confirm the
work flow chart on site
Codex Guideline - HACCP team needs to verify all procedures involved
and different process in a timely manner. Work flow chart needs to
be changed if necessary |
HACCP Application - 7 Steps
HACCP consists of the following planning and execution
Procedure 6 (Principle 1): Conduct a hazard analysis
Codex Guideline - HACCP taskforce needs to create a list of all the
risk factors that is reasonably expected to occur in each of the processes
starting from initial production, treatment, production to logistics
and consumption.
And then, HACCP team needs to determines whether lowering or removing
each of the risk factor is a essential for producing food safely
The above analysis needs to include the following:
- Possible risk factors and its influence in health
- Quantitative and/or qualitative assessment of the existing risk
- Survival or multiplication of related microorganism
- Toxin, chemical or physical substance formed or maintained with
the food
- Conditions that trigger the above
Next, if risks exist, HACCP team needs to consider control methods
to apply for each of the risks. One risk may require more than one
control method and many risks may be controlled by one specific control
method
Procedure 7 (Principle 2): Identify critical control points
Codex Guideline - Same risk management applied to CCP may be more
than one. CCP establishment under the HACCP regulation is easier with
a decision tree that allows logical approach. Decision tree application
requires flexibility regardless of the process whether it is production,
butchery, processing, storage, logistics or other processes. That
needs to be used as a guide for identifying the CCP. Decision tree
may not be the most appropriate method for all situation, and other
approach methods are possible. Training in applying a decision tree
is highly recommended
If a risk has been identified at a particular process level, however
there is no way to control the factor within that level, other control
method needs to be put into place prior or after that particular level
Procedure 8 (Principle 3): Establish critical limits
Codex Guideline -? Critical limit needs to be identified at each CCP
and revised for appropriateness. Each particular process may require
more than two critical limits to be established. Critical limit normally
includes the measurement of temperature, time, moisture, pH, Aw, effective
chlorine and visuals
Procedure 9 (Principle 4): Establish critical control point
monitoring requirements
Codex Guideline - Monitoring is regular measures and observations
to make sure CCP regulated control standards are maintained. Monitoring
needs to successfully confirm that CCP is not being met. The best
way is to design so that monitoring provides information that will
prevent violation of critical limit. Process improvement measures
need to be made when there is a tendency of misalignment with the
controls of CCP
Such corrective actions need to be executed before deviations cause
concerns in safety. Data gathered from monitoring may sometimes be
analyzed by those with the knowledge and authorization to execute
corrective measures. If monitoring is not executed regularly, the
interval between monitoring need to be a level that vouches that CCP
is within control limit. Most CCP monitoring is related to general
process, therefore must be executed swiftly because there is not much
time to analyze
Physical and chemical methods take less time and thus more frequently
used than microbe test. These method also indicate microbial control
index
All record and document related to CCP monitoring needs to be signed
by the monitor and also by the one vested with responsibility to reanalyze
the data
Procedure 10 (Principle 5): Establish corrective actions for
those that violate CCP
Codex Guideline - HACCP standard requires specifying corrective actions
when there is a deviation for each individual CCP.
Corrective actions need to vouch that the CCP is back in control.
Corrective action needs to include scrapping the products with problems.
Deviations occurred in the process and product scrapping method need
to be documented and stored in the HACCP file
Procedure 11 (Principle 6): Establish procedures for ensuring
that HACCP system works as intended
Codex Guideline - Verification method need to be settled. Verification,
judgment method, procedures, random sample collection and analysis
in the test may be used to determined whether a HACCP system is operating
correctly. Frequency of such verification needs to be enough to guarantee
that HACCP is being executed effectively. Verification may include
the following activities
HACCP system and analysis of its records
Deviation and reanalysis of product scrapping
Confirmation whether CCP is under control
Validation activities needs to include measures to confirm the effectiveness
of all the components of a HACCP system
Procedure 12 (Principle 7): Establish record keeping procedures
to document the principles and their applications
Codex Guideline - Efficient and correct record maintenance is critical
in applying the HACCP system. HACCP procedure needs to be documented.
Document and record preservation needs to be adequate according to
the property and scope of the process
Examples for document are as follows:
- Hazardous Risk factor analysis
- CCP identification
- Critical limit establishment
Examples for records are as follows:
- CCP monitoring measures
- Deviation and its corrective actions
- Revision of the HACCP system |
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